If greater alignment accuracy is desired, a dial indicator method. Several equipment alignment methods, especially the reverse dial indicator method, which is the principle used in laser alignment is covered in explicit detail. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a. For example, the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. With a focus on the core alignment tasks, the tksa 11 is designed to be a very easytouse instrument that is especially suitable for alignment learners and compact applications. The caliperstraightedge alignment procedure is described below. Rimface method when using a rimface method, one measurement is taken on the rim of the coupling to determine shaft offset. Proper alignment is the largest factor in determining the life of bearings, seals and couplings.
Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. Dial gauge alignment procedure in covered with detailed animation. The straightedge is positioned on two bearings supporting one or more shafts, while the maintenance inspector visually assesses whether or not the components are properly aligned. There are two common methods of evaluating shaft to shaft alignment. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment such as dial indicators or laser alignment tools. Module 4 precision maintenance techniques for machinery.
Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and. This allows maintenance to keep a record on what machines are precision aligned. It features a dropout center assembly for easy equipment maintenance. The most popular method of measurement is reverse alignment. Fast way to align machinery shafts vibralign is committed to helping businesses use their resources more efficiently and effectively. When other alignment methods are used, however, such as the reverse indicator method, it is. Shaft couplings are available in different sizes and material finishes. Less down time of replacement of cushions and rapid disconnection without disturbing existing alignment. A practical guide to pulley alignment plant services. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. Nov 27, 2010 the course covers several alignment methods common to motor shaft alignment like straight edge alignment, rim face alignment, reverse dial indicator alignment and laser alignment.
The present disclosure is directed to a shaft alignment tool including a base, a rotational body mounted on the base for relative rotation with respect to the base, and an alignment meter coupled to the rotational body. Criteria for alignment tolerance the first alignment tolerances were dictated by the coupling manufacturer, by how much misalignment his coupling could take before it locked up. Since shaft alignment needs to be measured and subsequently corrected, a method of quantifying and describing alignment condition is necessary. Proper shaft alignment is required to maintain operational longevity of all rotating machinery. Coupling alignment machines mechanical engineering scribd. An alternate method focusses on the actual work done by the flexible coupling to accommodate shaft to shaft misalignment. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. To achieve our goal of proper shaft alignment, we must correct for both types of misalignment. An apparatus for axially aligning a first coupling member and a second coupling member that can be connected so as to form a rotating assembly. The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment.
Alignment it is not the intention of this post to detail the means and methods for aligning gear couplings, which is a much bigger subject. With the coupling broken, mount a fixture bracket to the stationary shaft or coupling hub as illustrated below. The procedure for doing reverse dial indicator alignment is not a difficult one. Although omega couplings can withstand gross misalignment, care should be taken for best possible alignment to assure optimum performance. Describe different methods for checking alignment of motor couplings. With feeler gauge find obvious gaps and fill them with shims, taking care of any rough soft foot condition. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. All measurements are taken on the rim of the coupling. Rigid couplings rigid grooved end piping systems including styles 07, w07 advanced groove system, 307, hp70, 005, and others provide a mechanical and frictional interlock onto the pipe ends sufficient to result in a rigid joint. Pdf laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than conventional mechanical methods and can. It is therefore necessary for a marine engineer to have thorough knowledge about shaft alignment methods, techniques and concept. The ships engine room is full of such rotating equipment such as pumps, generators and so forth.
With a focus on the core alignment tasks, the tksa 11 is designed to be a very easytouse instrument that is especially suitable for alignment. Coupling has been applied in a broad variety of contexts, e. Type sc coupling dynamically balanced to agma class 9 standards, the type sc spacer coupling accommodates a wide range of ansi and iso between shaft end distances. Common coupling problems and potential failures effects of shaft alignment best methods and techniques for measurement of shaft alignment effects of misalignment on pump and compressor operation what are the goals. An alternate method focusses on the actual work done by the flexible coupling. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by. A shaft coupling is a mechanical device used to connect rotating shafts and absorb misalignments between them. There are two commonly use methods to align rotating machine shafts using dial indicators.
The electric motor rating is 50 hp at the base speed and the system peak torque at the coupling is estimated to be 150,000 lbin. The reason why simple foot alignment is not enough is because absolute perfection in the alignment. Machinery alignment tolerance tables the suggested alignment tolerances shown here are general values based upon experience and general industry standards and should not be exceeded. Many different variations of the rimface method are used, including straight edge. Coupling is a powerful method in probability theory through which random variables can be compared with each other. Avace mafactri office the importance of motor shaft alignment the objective of optimized shaft alignment is to increase the operating life span of rotating machinery. To achieve this goal, components that are the most likely to fail must be made to operate within their acceptable design limits. In pursuit of that goal, vibralign invented its own method of correcting misalignment called vertizontal which allows for the vertical and horizontal adjustments to be made together in. Good shaft alignment practice should be a key strategy in the. Both types can be found in the vertical and horizontal planes. In fact, quality alignment is not dependent on the type of measurement system. Rotating equipment alignment methods and training youtube. However, the task of shaft allignment can be made easy by following a few guidelines.
Gear coupling selection procedure table 1 torque and horsepower ratings standard selection method the standard selection method can be used for most motor, turbine, or engine driven applications. The motor is the prime mover, transferring power to the pump by the use of a coupling. Couplings are mechanical elements that couples two drive elements which enables motion to be transferred from one element to another. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. This allows maintenance to keep a record on what machines are precision aligned and other machines that need to be corrected in the future.
As an example, a machine with a short flexible coupling running at 1800. Misalignment of coupling spacer with respect to coupling shafts. It uses two dial indicators, one on each shaft, to measure the parallel and angular misalignment as shown in figure 21. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c.
Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment. The goal is to minimize any coupling strain, and ensure. The skf tksa 11 is an innovative shaft alignment tool that uses smartphones and tablets and intuitively guides the user through the shaft alignment process.
The major topics in this tutorial will discuss the basic roughing in techniques for your initial alignment of machinery. The introduction of shaft laser alignment has been a great addition to maintenance and makes coupling alignment so much easier. Pdf a laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine. Visually check coupling, pipehangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. Another measurement is taken on the face of the coupling to determine shaft angularity. The goal of the alignment process is to create a straight line through the coupling. With the coupling broken, mount a fixture bracket to the stationary shaft or coupling. Improper alignment results in excessive vibration, short life of driven equipment compound bearing and coupling clutch parts, and frequent re alignment. Foundations, base plates, installation, and piping strain. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. Traditional alignment methods still in common use today include visual inspection combined with a straightedge or ruler. Fixed spacer length type coupling helps to provide independent running requirement. Reverse indicator method alignment and couplings 3 the reverse indicator method is another shaft alignment method.
Machinery alignment tolerance tables impact engineering. If a manufacturer of a machine or coupling require tighter alignment tolerances, those should be used. Shaft alignment industrial wiki odesie by tech transfer. An engineers guide to shaft alignment, vibration analysis. The latter method is popular because it relates directly. For this training, you will perform the alignment with the shafts uncoupled and the indicators mounted in direct contact with the rim and face of the movable shafts coupling. An offset a, of 18 to 316 per foot of joint coupling. Traditionally alignment has been described in terms of dial indicator readings at the coupling face or position values at the machine feet. This method is often considered so complicated that many users have developed step by step worksheets, plotting boards, programmable calcula189. Oct 08, 2017 shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. The present course is intended for master students and phd students. We tend to see lot of applications of the couplings. A laser alignment system is generally proposed to overcome all these problems.
Apr, 2014 shaft alignment training with vibralign professional trainer stan riddle. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. These changes in the shaft alignment can be accommodated in a few different ways. The apparatus includes a measurement arrangement configured to be mounted onto the first coupling member and to be rotated therewith. Additionally, shaft hubs include hub flats for ease of alignment during installation. With the coupling broken, mount the fixture to the stationary shaft or coupling hub. Us201001583a1 coupling alignment apparatus and method.
The two basic types of misalignment are parallelism and angularity. In most cases a quick glance at the table will tell whether coupling misalignment is allowable or not. Couplings can be rigid or flexible depending on the alignment. The offset and angularity between shaft centerlines can be used as an indicator of shaft alignment.
Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine. This 2day course begins with the fundamental principles behind shaft to shaft alignment and concludes with students conducting a series of alignment exercises using conventional alignment tools. Shaft alignment is one of the major problems related to machinery with shaft coupling. Laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more accurate than conventional mechanical methods and can result in reduced power consumption and increased mean time between. The alignment of misaligned shaft are done by using different types of shaft alignment methods which are mention below. It is incorrect to define alignment tolerances in terms of correction values at the machine feet. Stan shows you how to perform an alignment in just one or two moves using dial indicators and the vertizontal compound. Mar 06, 2017 understanding coupling misalignment and alignment methods even today with the advances in technology we have issues with shaft coupling misalignment on rotating machinery. The shaft alignment training course provides a highly practical knowledge of the use of dial gauge in coupling alignment. Changes in the temperature of machines from off line to running can have a significant impact on the shaft alignment. The 4 positions divided on a coupling for alignment purposes are called what. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. Additionally, shaft hubs include hub flats for ease of alignment.
Motorpump alignment is the process of aligning shaft centerlines between a motor and a pump. On a single diaphragm coupling, the flexing element diameter is even smaller. There are several steps which need to be taken for a successful alignment job. The course covers several alignment methods common to motor shaft alignment like straight edge alignment, rim face alignment, reverse dial indicator alignment and laser alignment. Shaft alignment is a key factor in reducing vibrations and increasing reliability in rotating equipment. Select a coupling for reversing service to connect a gear drive lowspeed shaft to a runout mill table roll.
The other advantage you can save the alignment results and down load a pdf report. These conventional methods, such as using feeler gages and dial indicators are seems inaccurate and require a complicated, time consuming alignment process. Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. The alignment training is suitable for technicians undertaking machine alignment, coupling alignment, motor alignmnet, pump alignment, etc. You will be introduced to the five primary alignment measurement methods. It is agreed a laser makes coupling alignment is so much easier and the most accurate method. A machine properly aligned will be a reliable asset to the plant, it will be there when it is needed and. A simple and effective procedure for doing shaft alignment of rotating machinery. The proper shaft alignment procedure is to secure the driven equipment first because moving a pump, for example, would stress the connecting piping. Runout, soft foot, coupling, bearings, foundation, base plate, and piping strain on. Read the article to know more about shaft alignment method and techniques.
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